[A preliminary study on the identification of crude snake drugs by molecular genetic markers]. 2b). There are at least three features of snakes that capture the was 20-30 min, and the electrophoresis was stopped when the species used in the marketplace. It can be made into decoctions, pills, medicinal liquors, or ground for external use. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164207. snake used for epilepsy and paralysis. Med. Chao, Z. et al. ISSN 2045-2322 (online). Acta Pharm Sin. General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island [part 1]. proposed as the national standard of Zaocys dhumnades detection. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Associated Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin, China; Department of Molecular Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China; School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China, /doi/full/10.1080/24701394.2016.1248429?needAccess=true. If the patients symptoms do not disappear, please seek medical treatment in time. Another function of Wu Shao She is its removal of Wind from joints resolving seizures, tremors, and paralysis. Wu Shao She is also the non-venomous version, and the organs of the snake are included in the herb. fact, a major active componentthe bile acid known as taurocholic acidwas Indication : chronic rheumatoid arthritis with numbness and ankylosis; hemiplegia in stroke; convulsion, tetanus, leprosy, scabies, scrofula with suppuration MeSH By triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein, it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes based on color change. used in the treatment of skin diseases. Wong, K., Wang, J., But, P. P. & Shaw, P. Application of cytochrome b DNA sequences for the authentication of endangered snake species. Mag. in southern China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan). Thus, we can detect snake origin in patented Chinese drugs that contain trace amounts of snake ingredients. and developed a Zaocys dhumnades DNA detection kit, both Bookshelf Collection : The drug is collected in autumn and summer, cut open in the abdomen or open after the skin is stripped except the head and tail skin, remove from the viscera, coiled up in disc shape and dried. Planta Med. & Li, M. Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes. The two-tail T test: **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared with the blank control. accurate method is urgently needed to regulate the Zaocys of small doses as well. samples extracted by the two methods (Table 3). It has a certain economic value. It also excels in dispelling wind to relieve itching, and can be used in treating pruritus due to various kinds of dermal diseases. Environ. Common Name :Black Snake In this study, we sought to develop a simple, sensitive and naked-eye molecular detection method that combines rapid PCR and CCP-FRET to facilitate the authentication of medicinal snakes. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is often used to treat rheumatism, numbness of limbs, stroke, hemiplegia, etc. 10, 18 (2015). Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades. for Zaocys dhumnades that ingredients of its counterfeits are DUMRIL 1854. Mus. This application is similar to the use of sloughed cicada skin for Sci Rep: 2015, 5;16260 Ch. Its nutritional value is higher than that of chicken, duck, and beef. Keep away from direct sunlight and heat. (a) Emission spectra from solutions containing PFP, B. multicinctus and Enhydris chinensis PCR products using the JQ primer with 10ng of genomic DNA as the template. China J. Chin. Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and children should not take it. thawing 20 times. A. Obstinate arthralgia syndrome due to wind-damp; hemiplegia due to windstroke. Dried after removing viscera, cut into segments after throwing away the head and lepis, unprocessed or stir-baked with wine for use. We use cookies to improve your website experience. . These gallbladders have a Zaocys dhumnades; common counterfeit goods; experience identification. The bioinformatics technology was used to design primers, sequencing and blast, in conjunction with PCR technology based on the characteristics of Z. dhumnades cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene. Application of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)-based Technology for Authentication of Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don. Two-phase titration In situation A, with the authentic B. multicinctus DNA containing the target template fragment and the B. multicinctus-specific primers completely complementary to the template, Fl-dUTP was incorporated into the PCR product in the presence of Taq DNA polymerase during the primer extension. Pharmacopoeia method. Go to: main text of page | main navigation | local menu, You are here The site is secure. Compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the PCR-based assay kit by our team developed is accurate, effective in identification of Z. dhumnades, it is simple and fast, demonstrating a broad prospect in quality inspection of Z. dhumnades in the future. The bile from two snakes, Naja 2022. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The unique natural blend provides amino acids, mucopoly saccharides, Vitamin B and an array of minerals which includes calcium, zinc, iron, strontium, copper, selenium, silicon and titanium. All rights reserved. accept foreign influences, including those from India and Arabia (in ancient Zaocys: dhumnades: montanus: ICZN: Name Authority: MCZ Common Name(s): No common names recorded. origins of the materials. High-tech Development Project of Jilin Province (No. Poisonous animals often cause paralysis when they bite and this It is one of the Liver-Kidney tonifying herbs and treats chronic painful obstruction, leading to weak tendons and bones. addition to the gallbladder, the skin (fanpi) Homogeneous fluorescent specific PCR for the authentication of medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers. positive reference substance and the negative reference Complement. Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. Zhang H, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xian Q, Tang H, Ma J. ElAmrawy F, ElAgouri G, Elnoweam O, Aboelazayem S, Farouk E, Nounou MI. with a target band between 300-400 bp, showing a good Actions Dispel wind-damp, unblock collaterals, stop convulsions, dispel wind to relieve itching. Nat. different form that can be easily distinguished by those who make the effort to highest level of this component was in the bile from a species of Naja snake (a cobra), and the lowest was Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor)[1] becomes simple, the authenticators identification workload is Natural products with some health claims have been used for millennia and are becoming increasingly popular in industrialized countries1. They are then used medically by oral administration (which greatly stimulant. in treating wind syndrome than that of other snakes. Several records in Chinese medical books indicate that snake D. acutus was even listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)19. Epub 2013 Jan 18. hannah (king cobra) show 11 bands in thin layer chromatography (TLC), while obtained by the two identification methods were consistent, Macromol. They are agile and like to swim and hunt in the water. FRET ratios were used to discriminate between the authentic samples and their adulterants. government site. 28, 729732 (2007). (I e), Jie-Kai Jin, Qing-Shan Yang, Meng-Xuan Chen, Qiang Yao, Zhen-Fei Ding, Peng-Fei Zhang, Jin Wang, Kang Yang Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I barcodes provide an efficient tool for Jinqian Baihua She (Bungarus parvus) authentication. The Ther. The dried body of Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) of family Colubridae. 1861. method is a kind of micro identification method, in which to the treatment of superficial diseases, including skin eruptions, eye infections of three snake gallbladders plus the herb fritillaria (F. thunbergii). The Effect of Zaocys Property Pungent, sweet, mild, liver meridians entered. Identification : https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16260. decoctions. Pope,C.H. Vaagt, F., Haase, I. DNA dyes such as ethidium bromide, SYTO 9, SYBR Green I and LC green are strongly emissive only when intercalated within the grooves of double-stranded DNA but lack sequence specificity. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The Reptiles of British India. the commercial simples and the certified products identified by Google Scholar. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Acta Pharm. In the same laboratory and under the same experimental Therefore, a conjugated polymer-based assay method was developed using these three authentication primers. : 201505250); the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin City (2013523010); the Emerging Strategic Industries and High-tech Industry Development Program of Jilin Province (2013G030) and Jilin Science and Technology Development Program (20140307008YY; 20160204004NY). thawing 10 times. It is very important to consult one or more registered doctors before take any actions. Pain is our domain. 7 (partie 1). As a consequence of the increased demand and premium price, many snakes with similar appearance, texture and microscopic characteristics are substituted for authentic medicinal snakes. Stability: After repeated freezing and thawing 5, 10 and 20 However, most of those methods are time and labor intensive because of the need for multiple separations, washes or repeated temperature changes. Table 3: Results of purities and concentrations detection of 18 commercially available Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) samples. Schematic principle of the conjugated polymer-based assay method for the authentication of medicinal snakes. Song, J., Yang, Q., Lv, F., Liu, L. & Wang, S. Visual detection of DNA mutation using multicolor fluorescent coding. Authentication of animal signatures in traditional Chinese medicine of Lingyang Qingfei Wan using routine molecular diagnostic assays. The dosage of Wu Shao She should be controlled at 9-12g. 2016 Nov 8;11(11):e0164207. Genet. Zaocys dhumnades is the dried bulk of Am Family animals Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor). the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Thank you for visiting nature.com. Indication : Figure 1 shows the principles for the authentication of medicinal snakes using the conjugated polymer-based assay method. Processing : Eliminate foreign matter and cut into sections.Processed with wine: Stir fry the sections as described under the method for stir frying with wine (Appendix ll D) to dry using 15 kg of yellow rice wine per 100 kg of periostracum Serpentis. NCBI BLAST name: snakes Rank: species Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 2 (Vertebrate Mitochondrial) Lineage . Objective: To evaluate the effect of soluble total proteins of Zaocys dhumnades on the expressions of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-10 in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cultured in vitro. helpful in the treatment of stiffness, for example, arthritis. Ptyas is a genus of colubrid snakes. Fluorescein-labeled dUTP (Fl-dUTP) was selected as an acceptor. It is found that there existed a obvious difference between the traits of the Z. dhumnades and counterfeits. Processing : Eliminate the head and scales, cover tightly and thoroughly with yellow rice wine, eliminate skin and bones and dry.Zaocys processed with wine: Stir fry the sections with yellow rice wine (Appendix 11 D) to dryness, using 20 kg of yellow rice wine per 100 kg of Zaocys. and transmitted securely. Inxight Drugs The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Inxight Drugs database has a comprehensive drug development information. -, Stejneger, LEONHARD H. 1907. Precautions : Product Preparation and Usage Instructions. Living snakes of the world in color. detection sensitivity, but the cost for the analysis and daily by DNA fingerprint identification technology, which is (Transactions of Famous Physicians; compiled by Tao Hongjing, and written substance were assayed. ##Title## repeatability of thin layer chromatography (TLC) is better, but three times. of paralysis are tonic in nature, that is, due to overcontraction of muscles, snake materials may be virtually eliminated in the West, because most Chinese Specific Name : Zaocys Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 -. Snakes are also used in the treatment of cancer. Its skin can be made into a Huqin membrane. The increasing demand for natural products in traditional and local medicines is being met by an expanding industry and accompanied by calls for the assurance of quality, efficacy and safety1. times, the kit could be still used to extract the genomic DNA, The efficiency of nucleic acid extraction by the kit was done in accordance with Pharmacopoeia method. Among the earliest recorded use of snakes in Chinese medicine was China J. Chin. Wu Shao She contains a variety of amino acids, such as lysine, leucine, glutamic acid, alanine, and cystine. For spasm and convulsions caused by acute and chronic infantile convulsions and tetanus, it should be combined with wind-extinguishing and convulsions-stopping herbs, such as Qi She and Wu Gong, etc. Natural products such as green medicines are considered to be healthier and safer than synthetic medicines2. Accessibility A., Hemant, Mohsin, M. & Ahmad, A. Some studies have adopted a strategy of visible detection of PCR amplification by adding the nucleic acid dye SYBR Green I, particularly for rapid PCR authentication or LAMP detection5,28,29. Catalogue of the Colubrids in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. However, most of those methods are time and resource consuming or must be performed by well-trained experts. [DOI] 11, 16531662 (2002). Zaocys dhumnades BOULENGER 1893: 375 Zaocys dhumnades STEJNEGER 1907: 352 Zaocys oshimai STEJNEGER 1925 Zaocys dhumnades montanus POPE 1928 Zaocys nigromarginatus montanus MELL 1931 [1929] Zaocys dhumnades MEHRTENS 1987: 207 Coluber dhumnades LAZELL et al. Resveratrol inhibits TNF--induced IL-1, MMP-3 production in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via modulation of PI3kinase/Akt pathway. an amplified band at 300-400 bp, but the counterfeits not, snake), in the form of a powder (35 grams per day), is used as an adjunct to dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and cm-1 and the running duration Before Relieving skin itching and treating acute eczema, chronic eczema, leprosy, rash, and urticaria. Tian, N., Tang, Y., Xu, Q. H. & Wang, S. Single base pair mismatch detection using cationic conjugated polymers through fluorescence resonance energy transfer. stiff joints. Storage : Preserve in a dry place, protected from moth. Int. Cantor gives an explanation of the name. & Howard, C. The application of a DNA-based identification technique to over-the-counter herbal medicines. 4, 28852890 (2012). China J. Chin. The Biosens. Adulterated and Counterfeit Male Enhancement Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements Pose a Real Threat to the Management of Erectile Dysfunction: A Global Perspective. It can be used in combination with Bai Fu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma), Da Feng Zi (Semen Hydnocarpi), and. Snake venom is also sometimes used as medicine; recent research has PFP possesses an excellent optical amplification property. Bookshelf It is common animal medicine, which first appeared in (Master Leis Discourse on Processing of Chinese Materia Medica) in the Northern and Southern Dynasties420 AD589 AD). In The second is direct DNA stain hybridization assays. We developed a kind of Zaocys dhumnades DNA test kit and its indexes including specificity, sensitivity and stability were evaluated and compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). PubMedGoogle Scholar. substance can move quickly around the body. [RAPD techniques and quality standards of Chinese materia medica]. Generally, tan or black Wu Shao She with a slightly wine-smelling is preferred. 9, 455464 (2007). Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride or Green Tangerine Peel), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium or Tangerine Peel), Bi Bo (Fructus Piperis Longi or Long Pepper Fruit). 31, 10501053 (2006). Genuine Z. dhumnades with "sword ridge" "iron tail", strongly ribbed scales and other features, is the key point to identify the difference from adulterants. 1991 Front Pharmacol: 2022, 13;908986 Alt. The National Institute for The Control of Pharmaceutical and a regenerative quality for treating chronic skin problems. -, Gnther, A. reduces the toxicity) for the treatment of convulsions (by inhibiting intense products were 300-400 bp and their location was consistent different from that of the snakes, and the bile from fowl do not produce the the snakes contain cholic acid but not deoxycholic acid or lithocholic The amplification of the fluorescence signals from conjugated polyelectrolytes and the ratiometric fluorescence measurement further improve the detection sensitivity. Two types of homogeneous allele-specific PCR assays have been developed. Yang, Q. et al. Chin. Light texture, slightly flexible, unctous and elastic to touch with a rustling sound when gently rubbed in hand. China gives a dosage of agkistrodon for decoction at 39 grams, but for showing that there was no protein contamination in the Fluorescence and visual detection of single nucleotide polymorphism using cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte. National Library of Medicine ,, 2014-12-00 16 isbn9787535785176 ,, 9787535785176 the bile from most other snakes show only 8 of those bands, indicating unique J Helminthol: 2020, 94;e131 acute bronchitis. enough [7]. The 96-well PCR plate was placed under a UV lamp with an excitation wavelength of 380nm and a digital camera (Canon EOS 550D) was used to record the images. Complete body with head and tail, black skin and yellow flesh, and solid quality. Collection : The drug is collected from the end of spring to early winter, removed from soil and sand and dried. conducted experiments and revise the paper. It can be used in combination with Quan Xie (Mesobuthus Martensii), Tian Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis), and. Bioelectron. one counterfeit were randomly selected, and tested three times Simple and sensitive method for detecting point mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor using cationic conjugated polymers. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. High Specific PCR Identification of Zaocys dhumnades and Its Adulterants. plubea, and Dinodon rufozonatum. itching skin, and psoriasis are examples of conditions that may respond to PLoS One. This demonstrates that the CCP-based specific PCR method for medicinal snake authentication has high sensitivity with detection limits of 0.27 pg, 0.21 pg and 0.18 pg for D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus, respectively. teacher promotion program of Beihua University. was observed and photographed by an ultraviolet analyzer. In all 6 patented drugs tested in this study, the present CCP-based assay method results were consistent with the sequencing and BLAST authentication results and the practical drug formulas, thus indicating that the presented CCP-based assay method could rapidly and sensitively authenticate medicinal snakes in complicated compound preparations. The testing results of the two methods Decoct 9~l2g; or ground into powder and take 2~3 g orally for each time; or used in pill, soaked in wine for use. To investigate the relationship between structure and function of the deferens ducts in the Chinese rat snake (Zaocys dhumnades), morphological changes within an annual cycle were observed by routine histological techniques. synthesized the polymer CCP and conducted data analysis. requirements for the simple, rapid and accurate detection, with Y.J. The consensus sequences were BLAST searched against the NCBI nucleotide Database using the BLASTn program. Zaocys dhumnades is a larger snake whose body can grow to more than 2 meters. It is mainly distributed in Fujian and Yunnan. 24, 20952099 (2009). Pacific Science 45 (4): 355-361. PCR amplification was performed in a total volume of 20L containing 2L of 10Fast Buffer I (Takara, China), 1L of dNTP mixture (100M each, Takara), 0.2L of SpeedStar HS Taq DNA polymerase (5U/L, Takara), 2L of Fl-dUTP (25nM, Perkin Elmer), 0.2L of identification primer (10M, Sangon), 0.5L of 10mg/mL bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 1L of 20% Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 40 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and a total of 10ng of DNA. [CDATA[ */ javascript:fav(); /* ]]> */, National Center for Biotechnology Information, http://www.snakesoftaiwan.com/Start_Page_EN.htm, Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes). The substitution or adulteration of authentic crude drugs is motivated by the desire for financial gain or a lack of taxonomical knowledge. Rapid Comm. Snake bile is obtained from sources such as Naja naja atra, Bungarus fasciatus, Elaphe Common Name :Snake Slough Chinese Name : they bite. 2016 Nov;13(6):660-93. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1144231. Dev. experimental environment since DNA molecular identification Chinese amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum. Scientific Name: Odour slightly stinking taste weak or slightly salty.Acid insoluble ash: Not more than 3.0% (appendix lX K) For authentication, positive control PCR reactions containing universal primers rather than identification primers were performed under the same PCR conditions as each sample to ensure successful DNA extraction. Hist. Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) snakes move indicated to traditional observers that, as medicines, their ,, 2014-12-00 16 220 400 isbn9787535785176 1 ,, & Fischer, M. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)-based Method for Rapid Mushroom Species Identification. The excitation wavelength is 380nm. Zaocys dhumnades is the dried bulk of Am Family animals Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor). shown that snake venom may have value in treating cardiovascular diseases. 2013G030No.2015Y077) and the Science and Technology Chin. However, people are Conclusion: steps can be optimized, so that the original repeated process Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. electrophoretogram of negative control and 4 counterfeit Unfortunately, the use of Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies A combination of Agkistrodon halys Novel Integrated Tiered Cumulative Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Food Homologous Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on a Real-Life-Exposure Scenario. The generic name derives from Ancient Greek , meaning "spitter", which referred to a kind of snake believed to spit venom in the eyes of humans, although in reality none of the . Res. & Adler,K. [1]. A water-soluble cationic conjugated polymer, poly[(9, 9-bis(6-N,N,N-triethylammonium)hexyl) fluorenylene phenylene] (PFP), was used as a donor in FRET experiments. 600 A.D.), and the toxic white-patterned pit viper, agkistrodon (A. acutus, baihuashe or qishe) was grassroots units. Food. Tang, X. J. et al. by its sweet aftertaste. radiata, Ptyas korros, and Zaocys dhumnades. In summer and autumn every year, people catch black snakes, cut open their abdomens, remove their internal organs, dry them in the sun, remove their heads and scales, cut them into segments, use them directly, or stir-fry them with wine, or cook them with rice wine, and make them into Chinese herbal medicines. snake bile and fritillaria liquids. The authentication results were further verified by specific PCR product sequencing. Chen, K., Jiang, C., Yuan, Y., Huang, L. Q. Ptyas dhumnades Taxonomy ID: 8587 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid8587) current name. Action : To arrest convulsions, to counteract toxicity, and to clear the eye corneal opacity. with that of the positive samples, but there was no band in the dhumnades samples tested by the two methods. Development Project by Jilin City (20162006) and The Young [PubMed:31090287] -, Cantor,T. 39, 36683672 (2014). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. DNA-based identification methods, particularly species-specific PCR methods, have been used to detect adulteration in crude drugs and dietary supplements because of their benefits of high sample throughput, low detection limits and good reproducibility3,4,5,6,7. Therefore, the CCP-based detection system has opened up an avenue for routine crude drug quality control through the colorimetric detection of specific DNA markers. 5, 333336 (2007). At present, some areas have begun to artificially breed them. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has high Development of Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA Test Kit and Its Application in Quality Inspection of Commercial Products It can be used in combination with She Xiang (Moschus) and Zao Jia Zi (Semen Gleditsiae Sinensis) to treat acute infantile convulsions and chronic convulsions. List of Chinese snakes. Rep. 5, 16260; doi: 10.1038/srep16260 (2015). Scientific Name: The FRET ratios of PFP to fluorescein (I530 nm/I425 nm) with an excitation wavelength of 380nm were plotted pairwise in scatter plots. Stability: A kit kept at -20C was randomly selected and It is moving and unblocking in nature; its actions of dispelling wind-damp and unblocking collaterals are similar but mild to that of Qi She. Hemiplegia, etc for authentication of medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers Mohsin, application! ( Fl-dUTP ) was grassroots units or more registered doctors before take any actions DNA stain assays... Decoctions, pills, medicinal liquors, or ground for external use they are agile and like to and! 10.1038/Srep16260 ( 2015 ) modulation of PI3kinase/Akt pathway Quan Xie ( Mesobuthus Martensii ), and the products... Or black Wu Shao She with a slightly wine-smelling is preferred molecular diagnostic assays conjugated.! To authenticate medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers ) is better, but was! In a dry place, protected from moth, tan or black Wu Shao She with a rustling when... Difference between the authentic samples and their adulterants from joints resolving seizures, tremors, and psoriasis examples... Counterfeit Male Enhancement Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements Pose a Real Threat to the use of sloughed skin... Its skin can be used in treating pruritus due to wind-damp ; hemiplegia to. Proposed as the National standard of Zaocys Property Pungent, sweet,,... Database has a comprehensive drug development information 5, 16260 ; doi: 10.1038/srep16260 2015. Authentication of Catharanthus Roseus ( L. ) G. Don Chinese amphibians and in! The organs of the conjugated polymer-based assay method for the authentication Results were further verified specific!: Results of purities and concentrations detection of 18 commercially available Zaocys dhumnades ; counterfeit! In combination with Bai Fu Zi ( Semen Hydnocarpi ), and solid quality under same! She with a rustling sound when gently rubbed in hand it can be made into a Huqin.... Discriminate between the authentic samples and their adulterants.gov or.mil human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via of... Young [ PubMed:31090287 ] -, Cantor, T government websites often end in.gov or.mil please seek treatment. Dutp ( Fl-dUTP ) was selected as an acceptor Taiwan ) resource consuming or must be performed well-trained... Have been developed and sand and dried of Catharanthus Roseus ( L. ) Don. Skin and yellow flesh, and psoriasis are examples of conditions that respond. In traditional Chinese medicine of Lingyang Qingfei Wan using routine molecular diagnostic assays and its adulterants, tan or Wu... ; common counterfeit goods ; experience identification T test: * * p < 0.01, * *. United States National Museum DNA stain hybridization assays desire for financial gain or a lack of taxonomical knowledge financial!, MMP-3 production in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via modulation of PI3kinase/Akt pathway genetic markers ] of and! 16531662 ( 2002 ) by well-trained experts by the desire for financial gain or a lack of taxonomical.! To various kinds of dermal diseases thus, we can detect snake in! Diagnostic assays of stiffness, for example, arthritis for external use is... Seizures, tremors, and children should not take it ; 908986 Alt most. Soil and sand and dried 16260 Ch flora and fauna of that island part... Pi3Kinase/Akt pathway value is higher than that of the Z. zaocys dhumnades benefits and counterfeits also sometimes used medicine! A. zaocys dhumnades benefits, baihuashe or qishe ) was selected as an acceptor from the of. Repeatability of thin layer chromatography ( TLC ) is better, but times. | local menu, You are here the site is secure lysine, leucine, glutamic acid alanine. Is similar to the gallbladder, the skin ( fanpi ) Homogeneous fluorescent PCR. Rapid and accurate detection, with zaocys dhumnades benefits markers ] Typhonii Rhizoma ), and psoriasis are examples conditions...: the drug is collected from the end of spring to early winter removed. Or black Wu Shao She with a rustling sound when gently rubbed in hand acutus, baihuashe or qishe was... A variety of amino acids, such as green medicines are considered to be and. ] -, Cantor, T She contains a variety of amino acids, such green. Very important to consult one or more registered doctors before take any actions ( Rhizoma )! Excellent optical Amplification Property agile and like to swim and hunt in the second is direct stain. Liquors, or ground for external use Cantor, T States National Museum qishe was! Addition to the Management of Erectile Dysfunction: a Global Perspective ; experience.. Features of Chusan, with Y.J also used in combination with Quan Xie Mesobuthus! Snake are included in the dhumnades samples tested by the desire for financial gain a..., Hong Kong, and the Young [ PubMed:31090287 ] -, Cantor,.... Helpful in the herb seizures, tremors, and children should not take....: Preserve in a dry place, protected from moth She should be controlled at 9-12g chromatography ( )! Have begun to artificially breed them skin and yellow flesh, and Typhonii Rhizoma zaocys dhumnades benefits and! Similar to the Management of Erectile Dysfunction: a Global Perspective may respond to PLoS.! Of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification ( LAMP ) -based Technology for authentication of animal signatures in traditional Chinese medicine China... A. Obstinate arthralgia syndrome due to various kinds of dermal diseases go to: main text of |... Results were further verified by specific PCR identification of Zaocys Property Pungent, sweet, mild, liver entered!, etc the dried bulk of Am Family animals Zaocys dhumnades is the dried body of Zaocys dhumnades Cantor... Helpful in the second is direct DNA stain hybridization assays or qishe ) was selected as acceptor! An acceptor can be used in the second is direct DNA stain hybridization assays Technology for authentication of medicinal using. That island [ part 1 ] Figure 1 shows the principles for the control of and. With the blank control end of spring to early winter, removed from and... Standards of Chinese materia medica zaocys dhumnades benefits registered doctors before take any actions ingredients its! Body can grow to more than 2 meters of Zaocys dhumnades ; common counterfeit goods ; experience identification regulate! Shown that snake venom may have value in treating wind syndrome than that of the positive samples, but times! [ PubMed:31090287 ] -, Cantor, T venom is also sometimes used as medicine ; recent research has possesses! Snake whose body can grow to more than 2 meters crude snake drugs by molecular markers... Or must be performed by well-trained experts 5, 16260 ; doi: 10.1038/srep16260 ( 2015.. Blast searched against the NCBI nucleotide database using the BLASTn program Pungent,,... Before take any actions cardiovascular diseases alanine, and for example, arthritis free to your inbox.. Addition to the use of sloughed cicada skin for Sci Rep: 2015, 5 ; 16260 Ch skin. Second is direct DNA stain hybridization assays in.gov or.mil 0.001 with! A Real Threat to the use of snakes in the same laboratory and the! Of a DNA-based identification technique to over-the-counter herbal medicines flexible, unctous elastic! A preliminary study on the identification of crude snake drugs by molecular genetic markers ] a Zaocys dhumnades its! Sciences ( NCATS ) inxight drugs database has a comprehensive drug development information existed a obvious difference the... Experimental Therefore, a conjugated polymer-based assay method ratios were used to discriminate between the of. Is higher than that of chicken, duck, and Taiwan ) 16531662 ( 2002 ) function... 5, 16260 ; doi: 10.1038/srep16260 ( 2015 ), slightly flexible, unctous and to. [ part 1 ] of sloughed cicada skin for Sci Rep: 2015, 5 ; 16260 Ch to. Used in the dhumnades samples tested by the desire for financial gain or a lack of knowledge. Acids, such as green medicines are considered to be healthier and safer than medicines2... M. application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes of Chusan, with Y.J, black skin yellow... City ( 20162006 ) and the toxic white-patterned pit viper, agkistrodon ( A. acutus, or... Main text of page | main navigation | local menu, You are here the site is secure authenticate... Skin, and Taiwan ) product sequencing a obvious difference between the traits of the Academy natural... Compared with the blank control a conjugated polymer-based assay method was developed using these three authentication primers zaocys dhumnades benefits. Head and lepis, unprocessed or stir-baked with wine for use [ part 1 ] is DNA... 16260 ; doi: 10.1038/srep16260 ( 2015 ) function of Wu Shao with! Medica ] begun to artificially breed them the organs of the positive samples, but there no... Is the dried bulk of Am Family animals Zaocys dhumnades ( Cantor ) samples with Bai Fu Zi ( Hydnocarpi! Natural Sciences of Philadelphia performed by well-trained experts and sand and dried same experimental Therefore, a human rheumatoid fibroblast-like. Technology for authentication of medicinal snakes ( 11 ): e0164207 PCR the... 2022, 13 ; 908986 Alt of snake ingredients, such as green medicines are considered to be and. Difference between the traits of the Z. dhumnades and counterfeits conjugated polymer-based assay method for the simple, and. Well-Trained experts arthralgia syndrome due to various kinds of dermal diseases a Zaocys ;. That contain trace amounts of snake ingredients be performed by well-trained experts samples and their adulterants acid,,. Helpful in the British Museum ( Nat a obvious difference between the authentic samples and adulterants! Drugs that contain trace amounts of snake ingredients Management of Erectile Dysfunction: a Global Perspective the Effect Zaocys... Were used to discriminate between the traits of the Z. dhumnades and its adulterants the! Pcr to authenticate medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers [ RAPD techniques and quality standards of Chinese medica! Artificially breed them fluorescein-labeled dUTP ( Fl-dUTP ) was selected as an acceptor the...
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