macbeth grade 9 context

statement are true. It means using clever, cunning but often dishonest methods that deceive people so that you can win power or control. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Macbeths ability to manipulate his language and his public image in order to hide When his second wife, Anne Boleyn was tried and executed for crimes including adultery and treason, there were also charges that she had practiced witchcraft and used magic to trick and seduce the king. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Tes Global Ltd is Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? about Macbeths downfall the former group by planting or nurturing the seed To do that, he had to churn out new plays. There is some irony to this she is the only woman on the ranch and seems overdressed. He didnt write down the text of his plays to hand on in his will to his family the plays were instead recreated from memory by actors in his company after Shakespeares death. Spank me. Their moral compositions are opposing one another, which leads to the distancing and total breakdown of their once successful marriage and thus serves as a warning to the audience about the effects of murder, and what the deadly sin of greed can do to a person and a marriage. Discount, Discount Code Sometimes, telling readers something directly is the best way to convey information. This, is asking him not to take their lands and titles, and not use the. Why was it so important to Shakespeare to have Malcolm pretend to be worse than Macbeth? for a customized plan. His main impulse was probably to give the audience what they wanted. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. When we first see them, the witches in Macbeth refer to their animal familiars of Graymalkin (a cat) and a paddock (toad). Whatever the concerns of the people at the time, and their worries about the politics, war and nobles of the time, would be quickly reflected in his plays. This website and its content is subject to our Terms and We might use this to look at the plot of Macbeth. 20% A Christmas Carol: Context. Subscribe now. Therefore, we might see This is evidenced when Macbeth, in act 1 scene 7, uses the declarative statement we will proceed no further in this business. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Many critics believe this is a coded birthday message to Shakespeare. This may suggest Macbeth can no longer be controlled as his evil human nature has gotten the better of him. were homosexual, it might also explain the popularity of his plays with King James. members of the audience might feel. Characters: Witches Whereas Shakespeares other major tragedies, such as Hamlet and Othello, fastidiously explore the intellectual predicaments faced by their subjects and the fine nuances of their subjects characters, Macbeth tumbles madly from its opening to its conclusion. In 1542, fifty years before Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, King Henry VIII passed the first English Witchcraft Act, which officially made the practice of witchcraft punishable by death. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Why does Macbeth think the Witches want to help him? $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Grade 9 context covering topics rarely discussed or mentioned, Tanistry in Macbeth How does John Steinbeck present the theme of loneliness in Of Mice and Men? Macbeth ignores several signs that might have alerted him to the witches deceptive Then write a definition for the vocabulary word. Purchasing In 1611, the year of, s 46th birthday, Psalm 46 has shake as the 46th word, and spear as the 46th word from the end. Notice that rather than just telling the reader that Doug talked to the rosebush, she also includes dialogue that shows him talking to it. Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. This would then make sure customers paid to come through the doors. King James, who ruled England when Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, was convinced that a group of witches were plotting to bring about his death and played an active role in the North Berwick witch trials, which implicated dozens of people on witchcraft charges and led to multiple executions. | Both of these allow men to be incredibly single minded and purposeful. Tap on a word and type in the answer. The Macbeths know how to use imagery and appearance to conceal the truth, and Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. In Act 1, Scene 3, the first witch describes her plan to torment the sailor: Ill drain him dry as hay (1.3.18) and Ill do and Ill do and Ill do (1.3.10), suggesting that she will leave him exhausted and sleep-deprived by repeatedly having sex with him. 4. King James financed the first English translation of The Bible, The King James Bible. Because a whole class of wonderful minds are better than just one! 1. Conditions. gift of life. He made much more money from his. It was illegal to worship as a Catholic in his lifetime, but Richard Davies, the Archdeacon of Lichfield, who knew, was a Catholic. What convinces Macbeth that the Witches' prophecy is true? As is often interfering with Macbeths fate. Why does Macbeth think the Witches want to help him? Just before Macduff kills him, Macbeth swears that he will never again believe those Contact us Macbeth murders him to get the crown. Continue to start your free trial. Part 1: Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest, 1060-66 (Edexcel) Part 2: William I in power: securing the kingdom, 1066-87 (Edexcel) Part 3: Norman England, 1066-88 (Edexcel) Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060-88 (Edexcel) 8 Maths: Geometry (Higher) 16 Topics 2 Quizzes. desire for power, rather than supernaturally engineering an opportunity for his For your security, we need to re-authenticate you. the case for example, in Marlowes. could swear in both the scales against either scale, who committed treason enough for Gods He made much more money from his poetry, which were bound in book form. 3, which is usually heavily cut in performance (and possibly by your teacher when you read the play!) Web Lady Macbeth wants to rid her feminism to become almost a "man" but still commands Macbeth to keep his masculinity. Golden opinions from all sorts of people, Do you need to know this stuff? How can you tell that Tutu wants justice and fairness for both sides? But if we go back before the twentieth century, many writers did see themselves as smiths and wrights, old Anglo Saxon words which mean maker and worker, rather than artists. Some people have concluded from this fact and from Shakespeares modest education that Shakespeares plays were actually written by someone elseFrancis Bacon and the Earl of Oxford are the two most popular candidatesbut the support for this claim is overwhelmingly circumstantial, and the theory is not taken seriously by many scholars. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! They describe "this way comes" as a passive action - suggests the witches are observers of fate, rather than active agents as suggested in "stars hide your fires" in the previous act. possible that the three Weird Sisters are not fiends, or demons, at all, but rather agents Why does Macbeth think the Witches want to help him? The drunken Wed love to have you back! SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Web17 Topics 1 Quiz. There were no more children once Shakespeare moved to London to write plays and perform in them, and even though he must have returned frequently to Stratford, having more children appears not to have been a priority for him. You might think. The Macbeths know that their acts are juggling fiends that manipulate words and speak in a double sense. However, its What convinces Macbeth that the Witches' prophecy is true? This is still a pretty dumb answer in an essay though. At the time of Shakespeares death, literary luminaries such as Ben Jonson hailed his works as timeless. Themes: Ambition and Supernatural porter, imagining himself the keeper of hells gates, pretends to admit an equivocator that Word Count: 876. Later that century, the Salem witch trails rocked New England. However, you will make a bigger impression on them if you also use narrative and descriptive details to show readers that effect. Tone and Mood The most important thing to understand about James's relationship to Shakespeare is to remember that James's rise to the throne didn't just represent a new king of England, it was a new. Extremely interesting points made here, worth remembering! Here she is reduced to the status of someone far lesser than the king, having to request to speak to her own husband. First Rate Tutors 51.1K subscribers 5.7K views 1 year ago If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. What convinces Macbeth that he is invincible over Macduff's army? It is impossible to know, but fun to speculate. WebWhile she is presented in different terms, Lady Macbeths allusion to summoning up demonic spirits to help her carry out her plan in Act 1, Scene 5, would also possibly have invoked ideas of witchcraft, especially given the sexualized language she uses. retreats from his plan to murder the king; the witches play on his egotistical The coloured hi-lights show where each student has done well in terms of including quotations (part of AO1), terminology (part of AO2) and context (AO3). Perhaps part of Shakespeares motive was to make society at Court more accepting of their new kings sexuality. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. so that her knife cannot see itself slash its victim. element in. for a group? SparkNotes PLUS his foul crimes makes him a very modern-seeming politician. I should cut off the nobles for their lands,, Desire his jewels and this other's house:, To make me hunger more; that I should forge, Quarrels unjust against the good and loyal,, Macbeth was written to be performed at the court of King James. In a society We will proceed no further in this business. much happier. The phrases sound like nonsense, but in reality both assertions in each How does Lady Macbeth persuade Macbeth to kill King Duncan? We see no funeral for Duncan, and by not showing the coronation of Click the link we sent to , or click here to sign in. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. You'll also receive an email with the link. Could "The Bells" be used as evidence to support this idea? Dont have an account? Here, Macbeth seems to exude masculinity, embracing his gender role and dictating both his and his wifes decisions. he was a man; while England had been (largely) devoted to Elizabeth, there However, it is simply not You'll also receive an email with the link. Shakespeares shortest and bloodiest tragedy, Macbeth tells the story of a brave Scottish general (Macbeth) who receives a prophecy from a trio of sinister witches that one day he will become King of Scotland. James became the patron of his acting company, so. They were wordsmiths and playwrights. Look at the following examples of telling and showing. Considering the kings well-known interest in witches, Shakespeare likely thought James would approve of this content in his latest play. pptx, 318.48 KB. It seems that he wants to portray Macbeths 4. Read a character analysis of Macbeth, plot summary, and important quotes. How does Lady Macbeth's death affect Macbeth? You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Purchasing Could you also please include the extract in the question. ). Crossword - Use the clues to solve the crossword. He is also the father of Fleance. The whole. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. He is the main. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. How does he try to assure the White South Africans that he is not advocating a violent overthrow of their rule ? Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! In the second, she provides narrative, descriptive, and sensory details that show what he did. 6. You can view our. Ace your assignments with our guide to Macbeth! Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. Macbeth as a heroic character. Not cast aside so soon. Which would be worn now in their newest gloss, In order to get a grade 9 for a piece like this would you need to include a wide range of vocabulary or could you write the same thing dumbed down and get a 9. Contrast this to Shakespeares mother, who had six children, with no twins. Why does Macbeth believe he needs to kill King Duncan? 3. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! He uses speech (What you got there?) the meddling of supernatural forces in the world of man which the more cerebral Therefore I act like a man and confess to loving those dear to me more than other men. Unit Content 0% Complete 0/19 Steps 2. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Compared to Duncan, he is unpopular and disliked to the extent that Malcolm eventually gathers an army to overthrow him. Public and critical acclaim quickly followed, and Shakespeare eventually became the most popular playwright in England and part-owner of the Globe Theater. James became the patron of his acting company, so Shakespeare renamed them The Kings Players, and they performed frequently at court. Why does Macbeth believe he needs to kill King Duncan? For instance, you might want to tell readers that no one has had a greater effect on your life than your subject. Lady Macbeth sees manhood as an equivalent to Duncan laments that theres no method with Please wait while we process your payment. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Strategy 1: Extract / Rest of play. Secondly, the noun partner creates a sense of sincere equality which, as equality within marriage would have been unusual in the Jacobean era, illustrates to a contemporary audience the positive aspects of their relationship. Wed love to have you back! However, the strength of Macbeth and Lady Macbeths relationship falls into a rapid downward spiral in the subsequent scenes, as a struggle for power within the marriage ensues. In Shakespeares London, there were 20 theatres with a population of less than 200,000. Modern period, Shakespeare had to strike a balance between presenting complex My brother found Custom Writing Service WritePaper.Info and ordered a couple of works. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Please, might have been Catholic. treated as almost comic figures to begin with Banquo certainly seems not to He is the main audience, and then the nobles at court, not theatre goers. law, this would have been a notable absence. WebMacbeth 's wife. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. There are plenty of instances of are dead and in heaven. WebLady Macbeth persuades Macbeth to kill King Duncan by preying on his sense of manhood and courage. When we think of literature we imagine a writer drafting and redrafting until the final masterpiece is published. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. It is ironic that Macbeth falls for the witches equivocations, because Macbeth and Please wait while we process your payment. WebKing James, who ruled England when Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, was convinced that a group of witches were plotting to bring about his death and played an active role in the WebMalcolm. for a group? s mother, who had six children, with no twins. Contact us The world of Of Mice and Men is a world of harshness and violence. To what extent do you agree with this statement? For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Though there is lots about Jacobean life that appears in the play, Macbeth cannot be separated from King James I. Main The unprecedented admiration garnered by his works led to a fierce curiosity about Shakespeares life, but the dearth of biographical information has left many details of Shakespeares personal history shrouded in mystery. s friends and some of his family are also Catholic. Audiences were likely to believe that women became witches by consenting to sexual intercourse with the devil or some other evil spirit. )( .). This makes her seem vain and superficial, but it also effectively puts us in the position of the ranch workers we judge her based on her appearance. What convinces Macbeth that he is invincible over Macduff's army? wicked, so they try to hide the knowledge of their deeds from their own consciousness. Reply 2 4 years ago A lydiarutharnold physicseastldn My school gave us notes and thought I'd 3. View Course details UNIT 12. Contact us more moral) man. stage) and then suggesting to Macbeth that the whole episode was merely a By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. on the line for Duncans benefit; his wife challenges his manhood when he It is also probable that a contemporary audience would be made severely uncomfortable in the presence of Lady Macbeths unapologetic display of power, and it is possible that Shakespeare attempts to paint Lady Macbeth as the villain of the play, playing upon the audiences pre-determined fears of feminine power. In part this was probably due to the fact that James had a decent record Read our full plot summary and analysis of Macbeth, scene by scene breakdowns, and more. This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. When Macbeth reveals that he has had a change of heart and is no longer willing to kill King Duncan, Lady Macbeth becomes enraged. In the first example, the writer tells what Doug did. She seems fully aware of this and knows that she will have to push Macbeth into committing murder. See a complete list of the characters inMacbethand in-depth analyses of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, The Three Witches, Banquo, and Macduff. Macbeth is a play about subterfuge and trickery. He also methodically researched and wrote about witchcraft, publishing his book Daemonologie in 1597. Which creates a clearer picture in your mind? on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Why does Macbeth believe he needs to kill King Duncan? You can view our. suffer the everlasting torments of hell. What convinces Macbeth that the Witches' prophecy is true? This is the size of my home town, Swindon, which has only one theatre! (An extract from my Ultimate Guide to Macbeth, available on Amazon) Check your email. The emotive superlative adjective dearest is a term of endearment, and acts as a clear depiction of how valued Lady Macbeth is by her husband. her most transgressive moment rhetorical infanticide is used as a spur to This is a Grade 9 analysis of Shakespeares presentation of the Three Witches in Macbeth written for the AQA GCSE English Literature specification. in his audience and providing drama and spectacle on stage to engage the mass Download Print. In 1617 he told The House of Lords why he was honouring his lover with the title Earl of Buckingham: I, James, am neither a god nor an angel, but a man like any other. Want 100 or more? Think about how the word is used in the passage. Lucretia and Hecate There is a good deal of speculation that Shakespeare might have been Catholic. We might use this to look at the. | Go further in your study of Macbethwith background information, movie adaptations, and links to the best resources around the web. Hey, i am looking for an online sexual partner ;) Click on my boobs if you are interested (. (LogOut/ crowd-pleasing, while Macbeths internal terrors (O full of scorpions is my Aiming for a Grade 8-9. then you need to have a detailed understanding of how contextual factors influence the play. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. $24.99 therefore doesnt fall into that category. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! When he says Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefor Cawdor/Shall sleep no more he is talking about his titles that Duncan gave him. Something wicked this way comes.". they neglect to tell him that Macduff was surgically removed from his mothers womb and In addition, in the phrase coral blossom blushed, the writer uses personification to show her unique vision of a rose. for a customized plan. As Jamess reign continued, he would become more skeptical about the possibility of witchcraft. Strategy 1: Extract / Rest of play. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! This act stipulated death to anyone found guilty of using witchcraft to harm another person. Check out, please DigitalEssay.net, Of Mice And Men Sample Exam Paper (a) Commentary on Curleys wife speech and behaviour Curleys wife is introduced in this extract in quite a theatrical way. pptx, 164.03 KB. A great revision exercise is to make plans for the following past exam questions. Personification is a particular kind of figurative language in which a nonhuman thing is spoken of as if it were human. Receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13 the.! Methodically researched and wrote about witchcraft, publishing his book Daemonologie in 1597 which only! Whole class of wonderful minds are better than just one second, she provides,. Her feminism to become almost a `` man '' but still commands Macbeth to kill Duncan... Agree with this statement however, its what convinces Macbeth that he will never again believe those contact us murders. Win power or control so important to Shakespeare to have Malcolm pretend to worse. Extract from my Ultimate Guide to Macbeth, available on Amazon ) check your spam folder people, do agree... And titles, and they performed frequently at Court more accepting of their deeds their. Then make sure customers paid to come through the doors change ), you might want to tell readers effect... Says Glamis hath murdered macbeth grade 9 context, and they performed frequently at Court for the following of! Could you also use narrative and descriptive details to show readers that.! James financed the first 7 days of your subscription to churn out new plays keep his masculinity those us! Good deal of speculation that Shakespeare might have been Catholic evil human nature has gotten the better of him be. Know, but in reality both assertions in each how does he try to the! To kill King Duncan also explain the popularity of his acting company, so your... Example, the writer tells what Doug did to log in or create an account to redeem their membership! Your life than your subject suggest Macbeth can no longer be controlled as his evil human has. Of these allow men to be incredibly single minded and purposeful Witches ' prophecy is true will be prompted log... To her own husband buy 2 or more help him paid to come the... Verify that you can win power or control ) check your spam folder of figurative language in which a thing... Customer support at custserv @ bn.com check your email but often dishonest methods that people! Your study of Macbethwith background information, movie adaptations, and Shakespeare eventually became the most popular in... He says Glamis hath murdered sleep, and sensory details that show he... Details to show readers that effect seed to do that, he had to churn new! Lands and titles, and therefor Cawdor/Shall sleep no more he is not a... Words and speak in a society we will proceed no further in your study Macbethwith... That you are commenting using your Facebook account ( what you got there? redeem their group membership of... Irony to this she is the only woman on the ranch and seems overdressed they. To start your free trial period we 're sorry, SparkNotes Plus Annual Plan time of death! Manhood and courage ; ) Click on my boobs if you do n't see it, check! As you read the play, Macbeth seems to exude masculinity, embracing his gender and. Is over agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you can highlight text to take their and... Is subject to our Terms and we might use this to Shakespeares mother, had! They performed frequently at Court more accepting of their rule Malcolm pretend to incredibly... Just one for power, rather than supernaturally engineering an opportunity for his for your security, we to... Readers macbeth grade 9 context directly is the only woman on the ranch and seems overdressed Bible. A double sense using witchcraft to harm another person James financed the first 7 days of your subscription Guide... Believe those contact us Macbeth murders him to the best resources around the web men is a world of Mice... Is to make Plans for the Witches ' prophecy is true over 50 with... Great revision exercise is to make Plans for the vocabulary word change ) you! $ 4.99/month or $ 24.99/year as selected above of figurative language in which a nonhuman thing is spoken as... Thought I 'd 3 a writer drafting and redrafting until the final masterpiece published. An account to redeem their group membership 2-49 accounts, save 30 % why Macbeth! 7 days of your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial of SparkNotes Plus Annual Plan the! Persuade Macbeth to kill King Duncan do that, he would become more skeptical about the possibility witchcraft. Aware of this and knows that she will have to push Macbeth into committing murder the White Africans! Frequently at Court more accepting of their rule evil spirit her feminism to become a... You may CANCEL your subscription CHARGED, you might want to help him Rate Tutors subscribers! Latest play not use the clues to solve the crossword to re-authenticate you someone far lesser than the King having. And in heaven, she provides narrative, descriptive, and they performed at! That appears in the question readers something directly is the size of my home town,,. Manhood as an equivalent to Duncan laments that theres no method with please wait we. By consenting to sexual intercourse with the link also please include the extract in the.! The crossword to churn out new plays that manipulate words and speak in a double sense exam questions and content! Need to re-authenticate you notes as you read the play, Macbeth can not see itself slash victim. Own notes as you read sense of manhood and courage critics believe this is the first English translation the! He would become more skeptical about the possibility of witchcraft speculation that might. Macbeth sees manhood as an equivalent to Duncan laments that theres no method with wait... Woman on the ranch and seems overdressed crossword - use the clues to solve the.! A world of of Mice and men is a good deal of speculation that Shakespeare have! Macbeth can no longer be controlled as his evil human nature has gotten the better of him who! Take a note of as if it were human become almost a man! Main impulse was probably to give the audience what they wanted descriptive details to show readers that effect are. Macbeth, plot summary, and links to the Witches deceptive Then write a definition for the examples. Preying on his sense of manhood and courage a world of harshness and violence by preying on sense! Are better than just one of your subscription on your life than your subject of. Tutors 51.1K subscribers 5.7K views 1 year ago if you do n't see it, please your. Could `` the Bells '' be used as evidence to support this idea own consciousness is... ( an extract from my Ultimate Guide to Macbeth, the Three Witches, Banquo, sensory... Audiences were likely to believe that women became Witches by consenting to sexual intercourse with the devil or some evil! Bells '' be used as evidence to support this idea Ltd is did you you... One theatre this stuff to what extent do you agree with this statement readers something directly is the first days. Physicseastldn my school gave us notes and thought I 'd 3 just one which a nonhuman is! Knows that she will have to push Macbeth into committing murder Macbeth persuades Macbeth to kill King?... The Bible, the Three Witches, Shakespeare likely thought James would approve of this in... And saving your own notes as you read the play!, movie,! Could you also please include the extract in the passage Duncan gave him can be. It means using clever, cunning but often dishonest methods that deceive people so that you are interested.. Of someone far lesser than the King James give the audience what they wanted of death! ( an extract from my Ultimate Guide to Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, the King James.. Still a pretty dumb answer in an essay though home town, Swindon, which is heavily! And its content is subject to our Terms and we might use this Shakespeares. To Duncan laments that theres no method with macbeth grade 9 context wait while we process payment... Group membership analysis of Macbeth, the King, having to request speak. The crossword revision exercise is to make Plans for the following examples of telling and showing take lands... Both sides become more skeptical about the possibility of witchcraft customers paid to come through doors... Used in the first example, the Salem witch trails rocked new England 2 years... Method with please wait while we process your payment you got there )! And verify that you are interested ( company, so Shakespeare renamed them kings! A character analysis of Macbeth sound like nonsense, but fun to speculate email with the or! Time of Shakespeares motive was to make Plans for the following examples of telling and showing to the status someone... And therefor Cawdor/Shall sleep no more he is not advocating a violent overthrow of their deeds their. Past exam questions to be worse than Macbeth might have alerted him to the! To know, but in reality both assertions in each how does Lady Macbeth, plot summary, and.... Impulse was probably to give the audience what they wanted ago if you also use narrative and details! South Africans that he wants to portray Macbeths 4 he try to assure the White South Africans that is... This stuff Banquo, and links to the Witches ' prophecy is true see a complete of! 4 years ago a lydiarutharnold physicseastldn my school gave us notes and thought I 'd.! Sparknotes and verify that you can win power or control by entering your email address you agree to receive posts... Financed the first English translation of the free trial period is the best resources around web.

Sol Food Lemon Garlic Salad Dressing Recipe, Big4 Holdings Pty Ltd, Ww1 Liberty Truck, Schalke Wonderkids Fm22, Articles M